P1 There is no doubt that people hold different views on whether human behaviors can be changed by laws. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that laws can change many actions, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that laws change behavior when clear fines and visible checks make punishment real. To be more specific, in public, visible checks create fear, so people follow rules and show fewer harmful acts. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a drink-driving law with more random tests can reduce crashes and make roads safer.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that even with strict laws, compliance can drop when there is unfair feeling. To illustrate, when unhappy, low acceptance leads to passive resistance, so people show more rule-breaking unless there is clear explanation and trust. To take the University of Sydney as an example, a new tax rule may fail because people try avoid payment, but it improves with transparent use and simple steps.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that laws can guide behavior, because visible punishment changes public actions while acceptance and trust affect compliance. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments keep enforcement strong and also explain rules clearly to build trust.

P1 There is no doubt that some employers involve employees in the decision-making process of products and services. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that this policy is useful but risky, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that frontline staff provide insight, so products and services match customers better. To be more specific, at work, frontline staff collect customer feedback, notice daily problems, and offer practical ideas, which improves the user experience. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a staff suggestion can improve service steps, leading to fewer complaints and higher satisfaction.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that many voices can slow the decision and make responsibility unclear. To illustrate, in meetings, many voices create long discussion, so the decision becomes slow and teams may miss a deadline. To take the University of Sydney as an example, team voting may cause repeated changes, which leads to a delayed launch and a lost chance.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that employee involvement should be used carefully, because it improves fit but can slow action. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that companies set clear rules and keep a small group for final decisions.

P1 There is no doubt that the formal written examination is often used to assess students’ learning. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that it is valid to a certain extent, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that written exams are fair and efficient, because they test core knowledge under the same standard. To be more specific, same questions with a time limit check key concepts, showing study effort, and teachers can grade quickly for the whole class. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a statistics exam encouraged regular practice, improving basics and score.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that exams can miss real skills, because pressure and memorization may distort results. To illustrate, high stress can hurt performance, and short-term memorization can weaken practical ability later. To take the University of Sydney as an example, a presentation showed real ability better than a written test through communication.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that written exams are useful but limited, because they check core knowledge while real skills need other forms. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that schools keep exams, but also combine them with projects and presentations for a more balanced result.

P1 There is no doubt that some people argue the value of travel has been overrated in education. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that travel is helpful but not necessary, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that students can gain quality education without travel because online resources offer wide knowledge at low cost. To be more specific, online courses and digital libraries teach core knowledge, and feedback helps improve assignments. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, an online project with peer feedback can build critical thinking and produce a better assignment.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that travel adds real-world exposure that textbooks cannot fully provide. To illustrate, in a new environment, students meet different people and handle real problems, which builds independence and communication. To take the University of Sydney as an example, a short study tour with a field visit can create clearer understanding and richer discussion.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that travel improves education but is not required, because online learning can be strong and travel adds real-world value. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that students focus on solid learning at home first and travel when meaningful.

P1 There is no doubt that tourism is an important source of growth for less developed countries. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that the advantages are bigger than the disadvantages, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that tourism brings jobs and infrastructure, which can lift local living standards quickly. To be more specific, tourist spending supports small businesses, creates more jobs, and offers steady wages, so people reach better standards. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, training and better services can create stable income, so families can pay school fees and build a stronger community.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that weak management can make tourism create pollution and push up prices. To illustrate, too many visitors produce more waste, make streets dirty, and cause higher prices, which adds stress to residents. To take the University of Sydney as an example, popular spots may have full bins and slow cleaning, which creates worse experience and fewer repeat visitors.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that tourism is more helpful than harmful, because it creates jobs and improves infrastructure while problems are controllable. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments apply strict rules and encourage local ownership to protect local life.

P1 There is no doubt that the information revolution by modern mass communication affects individuals and society in many ways. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that it brings strong benefits but also clear harms, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that modern mass communication gives instant access to reliable knowledge, which improves learning. To be more specific, real-time updates and expert interviews help people check facts and make better choices. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a campus news channel can share schedule changes, so students avoid wasted trips and finish work on time.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that the same channels spread misinformation and addictive content, which harms trust. To illustrate, on social feeds, rumors and sensational titles can create panic and weaken public trust. To take the University of Sydney as an example, one viral post shared without verification can waste study hours and hurt exam prep.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that modern mass communication brings opportunities and risks, because it supports fast learning and it can also damage focus and trust. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that people verify information and limit scrolling time.

P1 There is no doubt that mass media such as TV, radio and newspapers strongly influence modern life. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that it shapes people’s opinions and character, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that mass media sets public agendas by repeating key messages, so people form shared opinions. To be more specific, headline repetition and breaking news push attention to issues and shape discussion topics. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a TV report on policy changes can trigger dinner discussion and create clearer opinion before an election.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that media role models influence personal character by normalising habits and social attitudes. To illustrate, role models and life stories can teach self-discipline, build empathy, and improve behaviour. To take the University of Sydney as an example, a radio interview about volunteering may encourage students to join community event and form responsibility habit.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that mass media shapes opinions and character, because it directs attention to key issues and spreads role models. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that people choose trusted sources and keep independent judgment.

P1 There is no doubt that mass media such as TV and newspapers strongly influence modern life, especially the younger generation. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that it shapes people’s opinions and character, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that mass media sets public agendas by repeating key messages, so young people form shared opinions. To be more specific, headline repetition and breaking news push attention to issues and shape discussion topics. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a TV report on policy changes can trigger dinner discussion and create clearer opinion before an election.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that media role models influence young people’s character by normalising habits. To illustrate, role models and life stories can teach self-discipline, build empathy, and improve behaviour. To take the University of Sydney as an example, a radio interview about volunteering may encourage students to join community event and form responsibility habit.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that mass media shapes opinions and character, because it directs attention to key issues and spreads role models. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that people choose trusted sources and keep independent judgment.

P1 There is no doubt that people hold different views on who should take responsibility for climate change. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that governments and big companies must lead, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that governments hold greatest responsibility because only they can enforce binding policies and fund large transitions. To be more specific, carbon taxes and emission limits allow governments to penalise polluters and direct money into clean energy. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a national carbon pricing plan helped one country cut factory emissions by a large amount and encouraged more green investment across the economy.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that big companies are major emitters and must adopt sustainable practices to reduce harm. To illustrate, when large firms spend on renewable energy, they can lower carbon footprint quickly and set a positive example for smaller businesses and supply chains. To take the University of Sydney as an example, a tech company programme helped hundreds of suppliers switch to clean power and removed millions of tonnes of CO2 emissions in just a few years.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that governments and companies bear the main responsibility, because they emit the most and hold the greatest resources. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that strong regulation works together with corporate sustainability to protect our planet.

P1 There is no doubt that television plays an important role in daily life for many people. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that it is useful for relax and learning, and it can also act as a companion for the lonely, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that television helps people relax and learn because it provides entertainment and practical knowledge. To be more specific, light shows and music programs can reduce stress and support better sleep. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a nature program with soft music helped wind down and fall asleep faster, and stay more focused in morning class.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that television can be a companion for lonely people because familiar voices and stories create comfort. To illustrate, familiar hosts and daily news can make viewers feel connected and reduce loneliness. To take the University of Sydney as an example, an evening talk show with real stories can give sense of company and keep calmer mood at night.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that television is helpful in several ways, because it supports relaxation and learning and offers emotional comfort. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that people manage screen time and choose quality programs.

P1 There is no doubt that marketing is important for companies selling food and clothing in daily life. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that firms should focus more on company reputation than frequent discounts, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that reputation builds trust, so customers buy daily goods repeatedly without constant price cuts. To be more specific, quality control and safety standards create trust, leading to repeat purchase and stronger brand loyalty. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a trusted food label helps shoppers buy with confidence and give a recommendation, bringing more returning customers.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that discounts boost sales fast, but overuse can weaken value and train customers to wait. To illustrate, special offers too often reduce profit, harm brand image, and lower product value in customers’ minds. To take the University of Sydney as an example, a weekly discount can delay buying and cause unstable cash flow for stores.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that reputation should come first, because trust drives repeat buying while constant discounts can damage value. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that companies build reputation through quality and use limited special offers only as short-term support.

P1 There is no doubt that climate change can be studied from many angles, such as science, policy, and technology. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that focusing on renewable energy transition is the best choice, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that I prefer renewable energy transition because it directly reduces carbon emissions in daily electricity use. To be more specific, in cities, solar panels and wind farms can replace coal power, which improves air quality and cuts carbon emissions. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, rooftop solar with battery storage can cover peak demand, lower power bills, and cause fewer blackouts.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that it also creates stable jobs and improves energy security by using local resources. To illustrate, with a grid upgrade, more technicians are needed to build new skills, earn steady income, and support a stronger community. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a training program for installing heat pumps can reduce gas use, create safer homes, and lower energy costs.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that I choose renewable energy transition, because it brings emissions cuts and clear real-life value. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments and companies increase investment and training to speed up this change.

P1 There is no doubt that high school students face both problems and benefits when they study centuries-old plays. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that these plays are useful for critical thinking and comparing past values with modern values, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that old plays help students build critical thinking by exploring human nature. To be more specific, plots and conflicts let students compare past values with modern values, and this trains critical thinking. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, a class discussion can debate honor and freedom and lead to a short reflection with clearer opinions.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that old words and long sentences can create a language barrier and reduce interest. To illustrate, a strong language barrier makes reading slow, so students may lose the story quickly. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, during homework students may check a dictionary, lose the main idea, feel frustrated, and need a short summary.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that old plays should stay in school, because they build critical thinking and highlight past values versus modern values, but they also bring a language barrier. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that schools provide a summary and a simple performance to support understanding.

P1 There is no doubt that in many towns and cities, large shopping malls are replacing small local shops. Personally speaking, I firmly believe this change is mostly positive, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that malls offer one-stop convenience with more choices and better prices. To be more specific, in one place, many brands and a food court save shopping time, reduce travel cost, and make an easier family outing. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, my weekly grocery and school supplies were done in the same mall visit, with fewer bus transfers and a lower total cost.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that large malls create more formal jobs and safer public spaces. To illustrate, with a fixed salary and training, workers improve service skills, see a clearer career path, and gain more income stability. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, my part-time job in a mall gave me training in customer service, so I earned a fixed salary to help pay tuition.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that this trend is positive, because malls improve convenience and provide more stable jobs. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that cities set low-rent zones and hold local market days to keep local diversity.

P1 There is no doubt that advanced medical technology has increased the average life expectancy in many countries. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that this trend is a blessing, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that medical technology prevents early death through better diagnosis and treatment. To be more specific, early screening and accurate diagnosis allow timely treatment, reduce complications, and improve survival. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, a simple health check can find high blood pressure, so people take medicine and avoid a stroke.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that modern devices help seniors stay independent and enjoy a better daily life. To illustrate, remote monitoring and telemedicine support chronic disease control, reduce emergency visits, and build more independence. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, my grandfather used a smart watch to track heart rate, receive an alert, and make a quick doctor call to prevent serious risk.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that longer life expectancy is a blessing, because technology can save lives and raise quality of life. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments expand public insurance and improve aged care to reduce medical cost and aged care pressure.

P1 There is no doubt that some people prefer traditional lessons, while others support experiential learning in schools. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that experiential learning is beneficial in high school and college, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that learning by doing builds practical skills that students can use in real tasks. To be more specific, hands-on tasks and a team project train problem solving, develop communication, and increase confidence. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, my lab experiment required clear steps, fixing errors, and learning safety, so I finished the report faster.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that practice creates deep understanding because students see how theory works. To illustrate, a real example connects theory with results, helps students remember key concepts, and reduces forgetting. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a business simulation let me set a price, watch profit change, and understand market demand better.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that experiential learning is beneficial, because it builds practical skills and develops deep understanding. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that schools combine traditional teaching for basics with hands-on tasks for practice.

P1 There is no doubt that some people argue parents should be held legally responsible for the actions of their children. Personally speaking, I firmly believe I partly agree, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that legal responsibility can push parents to supervise minors and reduce harmful behaviour early. To be more specific, parent supervision and clear rules can reduce risk, prevent harm, and build a safer community. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, school attendance checks reduce truancy, which lowers after-school vandalism and local complaints.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that holding parents fully liable is unfair because teenagers can act independently outside home. To illustrate, peer influence and hidden actions mean parents lose control, and an unfair penalty can weaken family trust. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, an online scam done with a borrowed device can happen without parents knowing, yet they may still face a legal penalty.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that I partly agree parents should take limited responsibility, because it improves parent supervision but still needs personal accountability. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments use limited responsibility laws and offer parenting programs and youth education.

P1 There is no doubt that some universities reduce marks when students submit assignments after the deadline. Personally speaking, I firmly believe this rule is generally fair, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that mark deduction encourages time management and prepares students for real deadlines at work. To be more specific, a fixed deadline helps students plan weekly tasks, avoid last-minute rush, and produce better work quality with less stress. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, a group report with clear milestones lets students finish a draft early and submit on time for a higher final score.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that it also supports the teaching schedule because late work delays marking and useful feedback for the whole class. To illustrate, heavy marking workload requires batch grading, so teachers can return feedback quickly and help students improve the next assignment. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a late submission can block batch grading, so the class receives slow feedback and repeats mistakes in the next task.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that mark deduction is reasonable, because it builds time management and protects the teaching schedule. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that universities publish a clear policy, set a short grace period, and offer extension and support for genuine emergencies.

P1 There is no doubt that effective learning needs comfort, peace, and enough time, so some people think study and employment cannot go together. Personally speaking, I firmly believe it is realistic to combine them today, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that part-time work is realistic because it provides financial support and reduces stress about living costs. To be more specific, part-time income helps students pay rent and transport, which lowers money stress and improves study focus. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, a campus job of about 10 hours weekly can pay for a bus pass, so students attend lectures and keep study focus in the library.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that work experience builds work skills that support learning and future careers. To illustrate, customer service and teamwork train communication, build discipline, and improve time management. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, an internship during the semester lets students apply class theory, write a better assignment, and develop a clearer career plan.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that combining study and employment is realistic, because it offers financial support and builds useful work skills. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that universities provide a flexible timetable, and students limit work hours with strong time management.

P1 There is no doubt that governments and organizations face many issues, such as health, poverty, and conflict. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that renewable energy transition is the most pressing problem, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that renewable energy transition directly reduces carbon emissions in daily electricity use. To be more specific, in cities, solar panels and wind farms can replace coal power, which improves air quality and cuts carbon emissions. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, rooftop solar with battery storage can cover peak demand, lower power bills, and cause fewer blackouts.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that it also creates stable jobs and improves energy security by using local resources. To illustrate, with a grid upgrade, more technicians are needed to build new skills, earn steady income, and support a stronger community. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a training program for installing heat pumps can reduce gas use, create safer homes, and lower energy costs.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that renewable energy transition is the most pressing problem, because it brings emissions cuts and clear real-life value. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments and companies increase investment and training to speed up this change.

P1 There is no doubt that the design of buildings can influence where people choose to work and live. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that design can bring both benefits and problems, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that good design improves comfort and productivity by using natural light, fresh air, and smart planning. To be more specific, natural light and ventilation support better health, higher focus, and stronger productivity. For instance, according to a study at the University of Melbourne, open windows and quiet zones can reduce headaches, increase study time, and improve work results.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that poor design can create noise and overcrowding, which reduces privacy and raises stress. To illustrate, thin walls and small rooms often lead to constant noise, less privacy, and more stress for residents or workers. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, shared hallway noise at night can cause poor sleep, low energy, and a strong wish to move out soon.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that building design affects daily choices, because it shapes comfort, productivity, and stress. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that designers focus on light, ventilation, and sound insulation for healthier places to live and work.

P1 There is no doubt that some people prefer a quiet countryside, while others enjoy modern city life. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that city life is a better choice for me, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that city life is attractive because it offers more job opportunities and faster career growth. To be more specific, many companies and networking events create more interviews, a better salary, and quicker career growth. For instance, a job fair can help students meet recruiters, get an internship, and secure a first job.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that city life is also better for daily living because public services and transport are more convenient. To illustrate, a metro, nearby hospital, and public library can save time and reduce stress. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a nearby clinic allows a quick doctor visit, and people go home by metro.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that I prefer city life, because it provides strong job opportunities and convenient public services. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that cities add more green space to reduce stress and improve quality of life.

P1 There is no doubt that some people believe life experience can teach effectively than books or formal education. Personally speaking, I firmly believe I largely agree with this view, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that life experience teaches effectively because real consequences make lessons memorable and change behaviour. To be more specific, when people face pressure, they learn from mistakes, adjust habits, and remember the lesson. For instance, a missed deadline in a part-time job can reduce trust, so students plan a better schedule.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that it also builds practical skills faster because people must use communication and problem solving on the spot. To illustrate, handling unexpected issues can increase confidence and develop useful work skills. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a group project conflict forces students to use communication, find a solution, and finish the task smoothly.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that I largely agree experience is a powerful teacher, because it brings real consequences and builds practical skills. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that schools still teach basic theory and add internships and projects.

P1 There is no doubt that digital media is growing fast online, so some people claim the library is obsolete. Personally speaking, I firmly believe a hybrid approach is better, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that digital media offers quick online access and fast updates for new knowledge. To be more specific, a search function saves time, helps students find the latest version, and supports research more efficiently. For instance, an online journal can be downloaded in minutes, and keywords help students finish a literature review.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that relying only on digital media can cause distraction and unequal access for some students. To illustrate, notifications and multitasking reduce focus, weaken deep reading, and harm long-term learning. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, unstable internet can stop students opening files, so they miss reading.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that universities should not abandon libraries or textbooks, because digital learning has both strengths and limits. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that universities keep a hybrid approach: procure digital resources, update key textbooks, and maintain the library as a study space.

P1 There is no doubt that expanding cities bring more commuting pressure, so governments must choose smart infrastructure. Personally speaking, I firmly believe building stronger public transport should come before more roads, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that better public transport reduces traffic congestion because it moves more people with fewer vehicles. To be more specific, a metro line and dedicated bus lanes increase capacity, reduce cars, and ease traffic congestion. For instance, a new express bus can cut commute time, reduce parking pressure, and keep city flow smoother.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that public transport also lowers air pollution because fewer cars means less fuel burning in cities. To illustrate, less fuel burning reduces air pollution, improves public health, and makes streets cleaner. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, adding more metro line and more bus lanes can reduce car trips and create cleaner air near schools.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that prioritising public transport is more effective, because it cuts traffic congestion and lowers air pollution. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments invest in metro line and bus lanes, while maintaining essential roads.

P1 There is no doubt that many workers spend a large amount of time on their jobs and have very limited personal life. Personally speaking, I firmly believe this issue is very widespread, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important problem is burnout, because a lack of personal time reduces sleep and recovery. To be more specific, long-term sleep debt causes low energy and poor focus, so people make more mistakes and reach burnout faster. For instance, late overtime can lead to short sleep, morning mistakes, and strong stress.

P3 On the other hand, another problem is weaker family relationships, because people miss shared meals and daily communication. To illustrate, less family time means fewer conversations, more misunderstanding, and higher conflict at home. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, arriving home late may skip family dinner, reduce conversation, and let small conflict grow over time.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that the issue is widespread in modern society, and the shortage of time mainly causes burnout and weaker family relationships. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that companies offer flexible hours and reduce unnecessary overtime to protect workers’ health and home life.

P1 There is no doubt that it is becoming harder to keep the right work-life balance between jobs and family or leisure. Personally speaking, I firmly believe this balance is extremely important, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that work-life balance protects health and prevents burnout. To be more specific, enough sleep and regular exercise build higher energy, better focus, and less burnout. For instance, having a fixed off time helps people go to the gym, sleep earlier, and keep a stable mood.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that it is hard to achieve because always-on work and living cost pressure push people to work longer. To illustrate, constant emails and messages force late replies, reduce family time, and weaken relationships at home. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, high rent can make people take extra shifts, skip weekends, and lose leisure.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that work-life balance is highly important, because it supports health and family relationships. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that companies set no-email time and flexible hours, while individuals protect fixed leisure time.

P1 There is no doubt that the information revolution by modern mass communication affects individuals and society in many ways. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that this invention brings strong benefits but also clear harms, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that modern mass communication gives people instant access to reliable knowledge, which improves learning and decision-making. To be more specific, real-time updates and expert interviews help people check facts, make better choices, and save time. For instance, a campus news channel can share schedule changes, so students avoid wasted trips and finish group work on time.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that the same channels spread misinformation and addictive content, which harms trust and reduces focus. To illustrate, rumors and sensational titles can create panic, weaken public trust, and trigger arguments. To take the University of Sydney as an example, one viral post shared without verification can waste study hours and hurt exam preparation.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that modern mass communication brings more opportunities but also real risks, because it supports fast learning and it can also damage focus and trust. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that people verify information and limit scrolling time.

P1 There is no doubt that youth unemployment is a serious issue in many countries today. Personally speaking, I firmly believe I partly agree that a shorter working week can help, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that shorter working weeks can create more job slots, especially for young people. To be more specific, cutting weekly hours often means extra shifts, so firms can hire more junior staff and reduce youth unemployment. For instance, a retail store that adds weekend shifts can hire students, and keep service smooth.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that it may raise business cost and reduce productivity because companies must train more staff. To illustrate, more hires require more training and management, which increases business cost and may push prices up. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a small factory that adds extra shifts may need new workers, but more training can bring more mistakes.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that a shorter working week can help youth unemployment, but it should not be applied to the whole workforce. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments run shift-based trials and develop practical strategies with subsidy and training.

P1 There is no doubt that famous entertainers and sportspeople attract public attention, so some people believe they should give up privacy as the price of fame. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that they should not lose privacy completely, and a clear personal boundary is needed, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that famous people still need privacy because it protects mental health and family safety. To be more specific, constant attention and online gossip create stress, harm mental health, and risk family safety. For instance, crazy fans may follow celebrities and share a home location, causing unwanted visitors and forcing extra security for family.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that limited privacy is acceptable when the public needs transparency about work and public behavior. To illustrate, contracts and sponsors require professional standards, so checking public behavior can stop cheating and illegal acts and protect fans. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a drug test with an official statement can prove fair competition, rebuild trust, and protect sponsors.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that privacy should not be fully given up, because stress harms mental health and checks should focus on professional standards. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that we protect private life, keep work-related transparency, and punish harassment.

P1 There is no doubt that future workplaces may change a lot, including how many hours people spend on jobs. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that more people will work less hours, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that automation and AI tools will reduce repetitive work, so employees can finish tasks faster and work less hours. To be more specific, fewer manual steps raise productivity, which supports an earlier finish time and less overtime. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, an AI code generator can produce draft code quickly, saving developer time for faster delivery and a shorter workday.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that remote work and a flexible schedule can cut wasted time, leading people to work less hours. To illustrate, less commuting time and fewer meetings improve time planning, so workers can finish earlier with the same goals. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a four-day workweek policy can keep same output with higher focus, reduce burnout, and cut weekly hours.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that people may work less hours, because automation improves productivity and flexible work saves time. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that companies judge by output and set clear boundaries.

P1 There is no doubt that age limits are common in modern society, and many people believe some activities should wait until the right age. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that the minimum age for driving should be 18, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that driving requires mature judgment, because one small mistake can cause serious accidents. To be more specific, risk awareness helps people follow traffic rules, keep a safe distance, avoid speeding, and reduce accidents. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a new driver may misread a road sign and hit a sudden brake, causing a crash and learning caution quickly.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that at 18, people often have better self-control, so they can handle pressure and distractions while driving. To illustrate, self-control helps drivers ignore phone messages, stay focused, manage peer pressure, and make safer decisions. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, in a driving lesson with heavy traffic, learners who stay calm and follow the lane can pass the road test more safely.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that 18 is a reasonable minimum age, because mature judgment reduces accidents and self-control supports safer decisions. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that young people learn traffic rules seriously before getting on the road.

P1 There is no doubt that many schools debate whether a foreign language should be required for every student. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that it should be compulsory, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that learning a foreign language builds communication skills and helps students access more information. To be more specific, listening and speaking practice improve communication, help students understand different cultures, and reduce misunderstanding in daily interaction. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, when foreign visitors join a school tour, students can give a simple guide and answer questions, which supports a better class atmosphere.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that a compulsory language course increases career opportunities in a global market. To illustrate, a global market needs bilingual staff who can serve overseas clients with fewer mistakes, which creates more career opportunities. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, in a job interview with English questions, showing bilingual skill helps candidates stand out and get a better offer.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that a foreign language should be compulsory, because it improves communication and expands career opportunities. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that schools add more speaking practice linked to the global market.

P1 There is no doubt that more and more countries spend large amounts of money on restoration of buildings instead of on modern housing. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that this choice has value but also risk, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that restoring old buildings protects cultural identity and supports tourism income. To be more specific, old buildings can attract tourists, and this brings steady tourism income for local areas. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a restored museum can get more visitors who buy tickets, spend in local shops, and create jobs.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that spending less on new housing can worsen housing shortage and raise rent. To illustrate, when new housing is limited, the housing shortage grows, and higher rent adds more pressure to many people. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, young families may face high rent, share a small apartment, save less money, and delay moving.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that restoration is meaningful, because it keeps cultural identity and brings tourism income, but new housing is still needed to reduce housing shortage. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments balance budgets and build enough new housing.

P1 There is no doubt that it is getting harder for children to live and grow in the 21st century than in the past. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that modern children face more pressure and risk, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that children face higher academic pressure, so they have less free time and more stress. To be more specific, exams and rankings bring more homework, which reduces free time, weakens sleep, and increases stress. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, after-school tutoring often requires many practice tests, leading to late bedtime, a tired morning class, and a lower mood.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that social media brings digital risk, including cyberbullying and anxiety. To illustrate, constant comparison of appearance can hurt self-esteem, and this makes anxiety more common among teenagers. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, a group chat may spread rumors to target one student, causing the student to feel isolated and need counseling.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that childhood is harder today, because academic pressure increases stress and digital risk harms mental health. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that schools reduce academic pressure and families manage screen time more strictly.

P1 There is no doubt that some people ask whether there should be a maximum wage for high-paying people. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that I agree to this idea to some extent, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important reasons is that a maximum wage can be a fair limit for high-paying people. To be more specific, a clear limit can control pay for high-paying people, and this is often seen as more fair and can reduce anger in society. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a government can use a maximum wage to cut top pay and fund public services that help many people.

P3 On the other hand, one significant arguments is that a maximum wage may be unfair for some high-paying people. To illustrate, if the limit is too strict, some high-paying people may lower effort, and companies may get weaker results. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, top managers may move to other countries, and firms can lose talent.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that I agree to a maximum wage to some extent, because it can be fair but can also be unfair if too strict. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the maximum wage is reasonable.

P1 There is no doubt that advanced technology such as artificial intelligence can translate a foreign language easily today. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that learning a foreign language is more unnecessary to some extend, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that artificial intelligence can translate a foreign language easily in daily life, so learning a foreign language is sometimes unnecessary. To be more specific, AI helps people read signs and finish daily tasks without taking long language classes. For instance, according to the University of Melbourne, a tourist can use AI translation to read a menu and order food with no long study.

P3 On the other hand, one significant feature is that artificial intelligence cannot translate tone well, so learning a foreign language is still useful. To illustrate, tone and context often change the real meaning, so a machine may give the wrong meaning and create misunderstanding. To take research from the University of Sydney as an example, in a job meeting people discuss details and need a quick response, but AI delay can reduce trust.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that AI makes some study more unnecessary, but learning a foreign language still reduces misunderstanding. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that students learn key language basics.

P1 There is no doubt that people hold different views on whether money should be spent preserving old buildings or constructing new ones. Personally speaking, I firmly believe that maintaining historical buildings is important, which will be supported by the following discussion.

P2 First and foremost, the most important feature is that old buildings preserve cultural identity and generate tourism revenue for local economies. To be more specific, historical buildings attract tourists, creating local jobs and driving economic growth. For instance, according to the Cambodian Ministry of Tourism, Angkor Wat receives millions of annual visitors each year, making it a major source of national income that directly funds community development.

P3 Furthermore, one significant feature is that historical buildings serve as irreplaceable educational tools connecting generations to the past. To illustrate, old buildings act as living records, enabling hands-on learning that builds civic pride. According to research by the University of Edinburgh, regular school visits to heritage sites produce significantly higher cultural awareness in students compared to classroom-only learning.

P4 With all the points above, it can be concluded that preserving historical buildings is essential, as they protect cultural identity, generate tourism revenue, and deliver lasting educational value for future generations. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that governments prioritise architecturally significant structures while thoughtfully balancing the needs of modern development.